7th August 1905, lets celebrate proclamation of the Swadeshi Movement and Boycott resolution. Cheers for the Unity and Nationalism..!!!

Due to crunch of time I'm two days late, but my dear human beings let us not forget the idea on which our nation was built. "What really our national leaders wanted?", has this question ever crossed your mind when you see people's hatred among themselves due to religion, caste, racism and all those minuscule divisions that human beings have created to divide themselves. Well the answer is "UNITY", united as a whole nation to drive off the colonial rulers and to have a country free of hatred, but it's very sad that we and some of our leaders have forgotten this. Let us just go back to those days when the colonial rulers couldn't stand the unity and the momentum of Nationalism and love for our country our people had to drive them off and Bengal was the biggest threat to them. Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy (1899 - 1905) announced the partition of Bengal in 19th July, 1905.
 
         Our national leaders struck back by proclaiming Swadeshi movement and passing Boycott resolution. Let us just listen to this beautiful anthem of the Swadeshi Movement "Bande Mataram" ( Bankim Chandra Chatterjee's, 1882 novel Anandamath).

Let's just celebrate Unity and Nationalism by removing hatred and reminiscing Swadeshi Movement and passing of Boycott resolution.

Jai Hind
and
Bande Mataram..!

A Morning Exercise by William Wordsworth

FANCY, who leads the pastimes of the glad,
Full oft is pleased a wayward dart to throw;
Sending sad shadows after things not sad,
Peopling the harmless fields with signs of woe:
Beneath her sway, a simple forest cry
Becomes an echo of man's misery.
Blithe ravens croak of death; and when the owl
Tries his two voices for a favourite strain--
'Tu-whit--Tu-whoo!' the unsuspecting fowl
Forebodes mishap or seems but to complain; 
Fancy, intent to harass and annoy,
Can thus pervert the evidence of joy.


Through border wilds where naked Indians stray,
Myriads of notes attest her subtle skill;
A feathered task-master cries, 'WORK AWAY!'
And, in thy iteration, 'WHIP POOR WILL!'
Is heard the spirit of a toil-worn slave,
Lashed out of life, not quiet in the grave.

What wonder? at her bidding, ancient lays
Steeped in dire grief the voice of Philomel; 
And that fleet messenger of summer days,
The Swallow, twittered subject to like spell;
But ne'er could Fancy bend the buoyant Lark
To melancholy service--hark! O hark!

The daisy sleeps upon the dewy lawn,
Not lifting yet the head that evening bowed;
But 'He' is risen, a later star of dawn,
Glittering and twinkling near yon rosy cloud;
Bright gem instinct with music, vocal spark;
The happiest bird that sprang out of the Ark! 

Hail, blest above all kinds!--Supremely skilled
Restless with fixed to balance, high with low,
Thou leav'st the halcyon free her hopes to build
On such forbearance as the deep may show;
Perpetual flight, unchecked by earthly ties,
Leav'st to the wandering bird of paradise.

Faithful, though swift as lightning, the meek dove;
Yet more hath Nature reconciled in thee;
So constant with thy downward eye of love,
Yet, in aerial singleness, so free; 
So humble, yet so ready to rejoice
In power of wing and never-wearied voice.

To the last point of vision, and beyond,
Mount, daring warbler!--that love-prompted strain,
('Twixt thee and thine a never-failing bond)
Thrills not the less the bosom of the plain:
Yet might'st thou seem, proud privilege! to sing
All independent of the leafy spring.

How would it please old Ocean to partake,
With sailors longing for a breeze in vain, 
The harmony thy notes most gladly make
Where earth resembles most his own domain!
Urania's self might welcome with pleased ear
These matins mounting towards her native sphere.

Chanter by heaven attracted, whom no bars
To day-light known deter from that pursuit,
'Tis well that some sage instinct, when the stars
Come forth at evening, keeps Thee still and mute;
For not an eyelid could to sleep incline
Wert thou among them, singing as they shine! 


By 
William Wordsworth

सरफ़रोशी की तमन्ना अब हमारे दिल में है

Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab hamaare dil mein hai

Dekhna hai zor kitna baazu-e-qaatil mein hai

Aye watan, Karta nahin kyun doosraa kuch baat-cheet

Dekhta hun main jise woh chup teri mehfil mein hai

Aye shaheed-e-mulk-o-millat main tere oopar nisaar

Ab teri himmat ka charcha gair ki mehfil mein hai

Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab hamaare dil mein hai

Waqt aanay dey bata denge tujhe aye aasman

Hum abhi se kya batayen kya hamare dil mein hai

Kheench kar layee hai sab ko qatl hone ki ummeed

Aashiqon ka aaj jumghat koocha-e-qaatil mein hai

Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab hamaare dil mein hai

Hai liye hathiyaar dushman taak mein baitha udhar

Aur hum taiyyaar hain seena liye apna idhar

Khoon se khelenge holi agar vatan muskhil mein hai

Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab hamaare dil mein hai

Haath jin mein ho junoon katt te nahi talvaar se

Sar jo uth jaate hain voh jhukte nahi lalkaar se

Aur bhadkega jo shola-sa humaare dil mein hai

Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab hamaare dil mein hai

Hum to ghar se nikle hi the baandhkar sar pe kafan

Jaan hatheli par liye lo barh chale hain ye qadam

Zindagi to apni mehmaan maut ki mehfil mein hai

Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab hamaare dil mein hai

Yuun khadaa maqtal mein qaatil kah rahaa hai baar baar'

Kya tamannaa-e-shahaadat bhi kisee ke dil mein hai

Dil mein tuufaanon ki toli aur nason mein inqilaab

Hosh dushman ke udaa denge humein roko na aaj

Duur reh paaye jo humse dam kahaan manzil mein hai

Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab hamaare dil mein hai

Wo jism bhi kya jism hai jismein na ho khoon-e-junoon

Toofaanon se kya lade jo kashti-e-saahil mein hai

Chup khade hain aaj saare bhai mere khaamosh hain

Na karo to kuch kaho mazhab mera mushkil mein hai

Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil

The Continental Drift Theory

• Alfred Wegner - German meteorologist - 1912.
• "All the continent formed a single continental mass (PANGAEA, meaning all earth) and mega ocean  (PANTHALASSA, meaning all water) surrounded the same".
• According to him 200 million years ago Pangaea began to split into Laurasia and Gondwanaland, subsequently they continued to break into various smaller continents that exists today.

Evidences in support of the Continental Drift:

1. The matching of continents.
2. Rocks of same age across the oceans.
3. Tillite (sedimentary rocks formed out of deposits of glaciers, it provides unambiguous evidence of palaeoclimates (climates of past ages) and also of drifting theory).
4. Placer deposits ( a placer deposit or placer is an accumulation of valuable minerals formed by gravity separation during sedimentary processes. The name is from the Spanish word placer, meaning "alluvial sand". Placer mining is an important source of gold, and was the main technique used in the early years of many gold rushes).
5. Distribution of fossils.

Force for Drifting:

1. Pole-fleeing force: It relates to the rotation of the Earth. 
2. The tidal force: Attraction of the moon and the sun that develops tides in oceanic waters.

Evidences against Continental Drift Theory:

1. Convectional Current Theory: They operate at mantle portion and are generated due to radioactive elements causing thermal differences in the mantle portion. They cause the splitting in the earth crust along the mid ocean ridges.
2. Mapping of the Ocean Floor: Ocean floor is full of relief and indicates existence of submerged mountain ranges as well as deep trenches. Rocks from oceanic crust are much younger than the rocks at continental areas.

Chit Fund

A Chit fund is a kind of savings scheme practiced in India.
A Chit fund company means a company managing, conducting or supervising, as foremen, agent or in any other capacity.Chit fund is a traditional financial scheme carried out based on trust between operators and members, which prevailed even before formal banking began. Unregistered chit funds, whose chit value exceeds Rs. 100, are illegal in India.


 According to Section 2(b) of the Chit Fund Act, 1982 :
 "Chit means a transaction whether called chit, chit fund, chitty, kuri or by any other name by or under which a person enters into an agreement with a specified of persons that every one of them shall subscribe a certain sum of money (or a certain quantity of grain instead) by way of periodical installments over a definite period and that each such subscriber shall, in his turn, as determined by lot or by auction or by tender or in such other manner as may be specified in the chit agreement, be entitled to the prize amount".

How it works:
Different chit funds operate in different ways; and there are also many fraudulent tactics practiced by many private firms. The basic necessity of conducting a 'Chitty' is a group of needy people called subscribers. The foreman - the company or person conducting the chitty - brings these people together and conducts the chitty. The foreman is also the person responsible for collecting the money from subscribers, presiding over the auctions and keeping records of subscribers. He is compensated a fixed amount (generally 5% of gross chitty amount) monthly for his efforts; other than that the foreman does not have any specific privileges, he is just a subscriber of the chitty.




http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/chit-funds-or-cheat-funds/article4733764.ece

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5t5t0TzKWfU&feature=share

National Disaster Management Act 2005

NDMA
===============
***On 23 December 2005, the Government of India enacted the Disaster Management Act, which envisaged the creation of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA),

*** headed by the Prime Minister, and
State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) headed by respective Chief Ministers,

**to spearhead and implement a holistic and integrated approach to Disaster Management in India.

NDMA as the apex body is mandated to lay down the policies, plans and guidelines for Disaster Management to ensure timely and effective response to disasters. Towards this, it has the following responsibilities:-

Lay down policies on disaster management ;

Approve the National Plan;

Approve plans prepared by the Ministries or Departments of the Government of India in accordance with the National Plan;

Lay down guidelines to be followed by the State Authorities in drawing up the State Plan;

Lay down guidelines to be followed by the different Ministries or Departments of the Government of India for the Purpose of integrating the measures for prevention of disaster or the mitigation of its effects in their development plans and projects;

Coordinate the enforcement and implementation of the policy and plan for disaster management;

Recommend provision of funds for the purpose of mitigation;

Provide such support to other countries affected by major disasters as may be determined by the Central Government;

Take such other measures for the prevention of disaster, or the mitigation, or preparedness and capacity building for dealing with the threatening disaster situation or disaster as it may consider necessary;

Lay down broad policies and guidelines for the functioning of the National Institute of Disaster Management.

National Investigation Agency

About NIA:

Over the past several years, India has been the victim of large scale terrorism sponsored from across the borders. There have been innumerable incidents of terrorist attacks, not only in the militancy and insurgency affected areas and areas affected by Left Wing Extremism, but also in the form of terrorist attacks and bomb blasts, etc., in various parts of the hinterland and major cities, etc. A large number of such incidents are found to have complex inter-State and international linkages, and possible connection with other activities like the smuggling of arms and drugs, pushing in and circulation of fake Indian currency, infiltration from across the borders, etc. keeping all these in view, it was felt that there was a need for setting up of an Agency at the Central level for investigation of offences related to terrorism and certain other Acts, which have national ramifications. Several experts and Committees, including the Administrative Reforms commission in its Report, had made recommendations for establishing such an Agency.

The Government after due consideration and examination of the issues involved, proposed to enact a legislation to make provisions for establishment of a National Investigation Agency in a concurrent jurisdiction framework, with provisions for taking up specific cases under specific Acts for investigation.

Accordingly the NIA Act was enacted on 31-12-08 and the National Investigation Agency (NIA) was born. At present NIA is functioning as the Central Counter Terrorism Law Enforcement Agency in India.

Vision:

The National Investigation Agency aims to be a thoroughly professional investigative agency matching the best international standards. The NIA aims to set the standards of excellence in counter terrorism and other national security related investigations at the national level by developing into a highly trained, partnership oriented workforce. NIA aims at creating deterrence for existing and potential terrorist groups/individuals. It aims to develop as a storehouse of all terrorist related information.

Mission:

• In-depth professional investigation of scheduled offences using the latest scientific methods of investigation and setting up such standards as to ensure that all cases entrusted to the NIA are detected.

• Ensuring effective and speedy trial.

• Developing into a thoroughly professional, result oriented organization, upholding the constitution of India and Laws of the Land giving prime importance to the protection of Human Rights and dignity of the individual.

• Developing a professional work force through regular training and exposure to the best practices and procedures.

• Displaying scientific temper and progressive spirit while discharging the duties assigned.

• Inducting modern methods and latest technology in every sphere of activities of the agency.

• Maintaining professional and cordial relations with the governments of States and Union Territories and other law enforcement agencies in compliance of the legal provisions of the NIA Act.

• Assist all States and other investigating agencies in investigation of terrorist cases.

• Build a data base on all terrorist related information and share the data base available with the States and other agencies.

• Study and analyse laws relating to terrorism in other countries and regularly evaluate the adequacy of existing laws in India and propose changes as and when necessary.

• To win the confidence of the citizens of India through selfless and fearless endeavors.

NATIONAL INVESTIGATION AGENCY ACT, 2008:

An Act to constitute an investigation agency at the national level to investigate and prosecute offences

affecting the sovereignty, security and integrity of India, security of State, friendly relations with foreign

States and offences under Acts enacted to implement international treaties, agreements, conventions and

resolutions of the United Nations, its agencies and other international organisations and for matters

connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Short title, extent and application.

1. (1) This Act may be called the National Investigation Agency Act, 2008.

(2) It extends to the whole of India and it applies also—

(a) to citizens of India outside India;

(b) to persons in the service of the Government wherever they may be; and

(c) to persons on ships and aircrafts registered in India wherever they may be.